Introduction：
The new IC chip GB/T 44807.1-2024 IC EMC modeling standard has been officially released and implemented on October 26, 2024, which proposes the EMC modeling framework for five different tests of CE/CI/RE/RI/CPI and four modeling methods, and proposes the use of XML format of Extensible Markup Language (XML) as the exchange format of IC_EMCML IC EMC markup language as required by the standard. EMCML Integrated Circuit EMC Markup Language (IC_EMCML) exchange format.
Standard number and national standard name:
- Standard No.: GB/T 44807.1-2024
- Chinese standard name: integrated circuit electromagnetic compatibility modeling part 1: general modeling framework
- English Standard Name: EMC IC modelling -Part1: General modelling framework
- References and equivalents: IEC 62433.1-2019
- The national standard "Integrated Circuit EMC Modeling Part 1: General Modeling Framework" is under the purview of TC599 (National Integrated Circuit Standardization Technical Committee), with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (Electronics) as the competent authority.
GB/T 44807.1-2024 Integrated circuit EMC modeling standard generic modeling framework basic content:
Part I presents a description of ICEMC models, such as equivalent circuit parameters, which can be derived from device design data or extracted from data obtained through measurements. Each model should contain information about the internal IC or multiple die and the package.
The CE model in Part II or the CI model in Part IV or the CPI model in Part VI may be represented by a black box model or an equivalent circuit model. The model shall be represented as a circuit concept including terminals and/or nodes.
The RE model or radiated immunity RI model in Part III can be expressed in terms of an electromagnetic model or an equivalent circuit model. The electromagnetic RE model represents the near or far field that causes electromagnetic interference (EMI). The electromagnetic RI model represents the electromagnetic coupling induced in the device.The equivalent circuit model of RE/RI describes the electrical or magnetic coupling of capacitive or inductive circuit elements.
The equivalent circuit model for RE/RI may include black box models as sub-models.
The standard proposes four new modeling approaches:
A. Black-box modeling approach
A black box model representation is essentially an N-port circuit whose characteristics are expressed in matrix form or in some circuit equations. When a black box model is used to represent a CE or RE model, some voltage and/or current sources are connected to the black box as noise sources to represent the IA. The black box model can be expressed using the following expressions.
For linear circuits or circuits which can be approximated as linear, the following parameters may be used; these are expressed as functions of frequency and do not take into account time-varying or non-linear elements.
- Impedance (Z) parameter.
- Conductivity (Y) parameter.
- Basic (F) parameters.
- Scattering (S) parameters.
The elements of the matrix may be represented by formulas with certain parameters or by tables representing the frequency characteristics of the circuit.
In the definition of the model, the internal terminals/ports and external terminals/ports should be clearly distinguished and defined in the matrix expression.
Distributed-parameter circuits (e.g., transmission lines) can be characterized as multiport circuits in terms of the scattering (S) matrix. For these circuits, the definition of the ports and their locations should be described using the port impedance of each port. In particular, when differential ports are used, it is necessary to define the common-mode port as the corresponding part of the differential signal port.
B. Equivalent circuit modeling methods
Equivalent circuit models (lumped-element circuits and distributed-parameter circuits) can be used to represent the electrical characteristics of the CE/CI and RE/RI models. In the circuit representation, nonlinear circuits as well as linear circuits can be included.
Linear circuits described by black-box or matrix models can be converted into equivalent circuit models. In particular, when the model is constructed from measurements, the circuit characteristics are first represented in matrix form and then converted to an equivalent circuit.
Some of the nonlinear characteristics of the device can be obtained from measurements and can be included in the equivalent circuit model. In addition, the model can be simplified by using a complex circuit model and generating circuit information through simulation.
In the case of model descriptions that can be determined by measurement or simulation, the methodology for model parameter extraction is described in IEC 62433 (all parts). The equivalent circuit model for a given device shall contain all information about the circuit structure, the values of the circuit parameters and their conditions of applicability.
C. Electromagnetic modeling methods
The distribution of EMF sources can be used as a radiative emission ( RE ) model. Possible sources include, but are not limited to.
- Current distribution.
- (Virtual) magnetic current distribution.
- Charge distribution.
- Electric and/or magnetic scalar and/or vector potentials.
D. Statistical modeling methods:
Some EMI in digital systems can be evaluated statistically. In particular, the performance degradation of wireless digital communication systems is closely related to the statistical characteristics of the radiated emissions. The following statistical model is one possible model to use.
Amplitude Probability Distribution ( APD ).
Relevant criteria:
In order to standardize EMC modeling of integrated circuits and to provide EMC modeling methods and requirements for integrated circuit manufacturers.
GB/T44807 provides a general framework for integrated circuit electromagnetic compatibility modeling, methods and requirements, a total of six parts of the composition, the current release and implementation of only the first part is the content of this paper:
- Part 1: Common modeling framework. The objective is to define the framework and methodology for EMC macro-modelling of integrated circuits, definitions of commonly used terms, different modelling approaches and standardized requirements and data exchange formats for each model category.
- Part 2: Conducted emission modeling for integrated circuit electromagnetic interference characterization simulation (ICEM-CE). The purpose is to specify the IC conducted emission modeling methods and requirements.
- Part 2-1:Black box modeling theory for conducted emissions. The purpose is to give a black box modeling theory for IC conduction emission.
- Part 3: Integrated circuit electromagnetic interference characteristics simulation modeling radiated emission modeling (ICEM-RE). The purpose is to specify the integrated circuit radiated emission modeling methods and requirements.
- Part 4: Integrated circuit RF immunity characterization simulation model conducted immunity modeling (ICIM-CI). Purpose is to specify the integrated circuit conducted immunity modeling methods and requirements.
- Part 6:Integrated circuit impulse immunity characterization simulation model conducted pulse immunity modeling (ICIM-CPI). Purpose is to specify integrated circuit conducted pulse immunity modeling methods and requirements.
Other standard-setting plans not yet published (updated 11/28/2024)
- 20213160-T-339 Integrated Circuit EMC Modeling Part 2: Integrated Circuit Electromagnetic Interference Characterization Simulation Model Conducted Emission Modeling (ICEM-CE)
- 20213161-T-339 Integrated Circuit EMC Modeling Part 3: Integrated Circuit Electromagnetic Interference Characterization Simulation Model Radiated Emission Modeling (ICEM-RE)
- 20242335-T-339 Integrated Circuit EMC Modeling Part 4: Integrated Circuit RF Immunity Characterization Simulation Model Conducted Immunity Modeling (ICIM-CI)
- 20242740-T-339 Integrated Circuit EMC Modeling Part 6: Integrated Circuit Impulse Immunity Characterization Simulation Model Conducted Pulse Immunity Modeling (ICIM-CPI)
Model data exchange format of GB/T 44807.1-2024:
The IC model data is arranged in an interchange format called Integrated Circuit EMC Markup Language (IC_EMCML). IC_EMCML is the name of the IC model.
EMCML uses the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (version 4) to construct information.
GB/T 44807.1-2024 of the cited standard literature:
- IEC 62433 (all parts) EMC IC modelling
- ANSIINCITS4 : 1986 Information Systems - Coded Character Sets - 7-Bit American National Standard Code for Information Interchange ( 7-Bit ASCII )] [ Information Systems - Coded Character Sets - 7-Bit American National Standard Code for Information Interchange ( 7-Bit ASCII )]